The _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn command is used at the beginning of each terminal session and
allows you to identify yourself to the system. It is invoked by the
system when a connection is first established. It is invoked by the
system when a previous user has terminated the initial shell by typing a
<Ctrl-d> to indicate an end-of-file.
If _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn is invoked as a command, it must replace the initial command
interpreter. This is accomplished by typing
_eeee_xxxx_eeee_cccc _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn
from the initial shell.
_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn asks for your user name (if it is not supplied as an argument) and,
if appropriate, your password. Echoing is turned off (where possible)
during the typing of your password, so it does not appear on the written
record of the session.
_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn reads _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_dddd_eeee_ffff_aaaa_uuuu_llll_tttt_////_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn to determine default behavior. To change
the defaults, the system administrator should edit this file. The syntax
of the below lines within the _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_dddd_eeee_ffff_aaaa_uuuu_llll_tttt_////_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn file _mmmm_uuuu_ssss_tttt _nnnn_oooo_tttt contain
any whitespaces. The examples shown below are login defaults.
Recognized values are:
_CCCC_OOOO_NNNN_SSSS_OOOO_LLLL_EEEE_====_d_e_v_i_c_e If defined, only allows root logins on the device
specified, typically _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_cccc_oooo_nnnn_ssss_oooo_llll_eeee. This MUST NOT be
defined as either _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_ssss_yyyy_ssss_cccc_oooo_nnnn or _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_tttt_yyyy. If
undefined, root can log in on any device.
_PPPP_AAAA_SSSS_SSSS_RRRR_EEEE_QQQQ_====_NNNN_OOOO Determines whether all accounts must have passwords. If
_YYYY_EEEE_SSSS, and user has no password, they are prompted for one
at login time.
_MMMM_AAAA_NNNN_DDDD_PPPP_AAAA_SSSS_SSSS_====_NNNN_OOOO Like _PPPP_AAAA_SSSS_SSSS_RRRR_EEEE_QQQQ, but doesn't allow users with no password
to log in.
_AAAA_LLLL_TTTT_SSSS_HHHH_EEEE_LLLL_LLLL_====_YYYY_EEEE_SSSS If _YYYY_EEEE_SSSS, the environment variable SHELL is initialized.
_UUUU_MMMM_AAAA_SSSS_KKKK_====_0000_2222_2222 Default umask, in octal.
_TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_====_6666_0000 Exit login after this many seconds of inactivity
_SSSS_LLLL_EEEE_EEEE_PPPP_TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE_====_1111 Sleep for this many seconds before issuing "login
incorrect" message (maximum 60 seconds).
_DDDD_IIII_SSSS_AAAA_BBBB_LLLL_EEEE_TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE_====_2222_0000 After _LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL_UUUU_RRRR_EEEE_SSSS or _MMMM_AAAA_XXXX_TTTT_RRRR_YYYY_SSSS unsuccessful attempts,
sleep for _DDDD_IIII_SSSS_AAAA_BBBB_LLLL_EEEE_TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE seconds before exiting (no
maximum).
_MMMM_AAAA_XXXX_TTTT_RRRR_YYYY_SSSS_====_3333 Exit login after _MMMM_AAAA_XXXX_TTTT_RRRR_YYYY_SSSS unsuccessful attempts (0 =
unlimited attempts).
_LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL_UUUU_RRRR_EEEE_SSSS_====_3333 If there are _LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL_UUUU_RRRR_EEEE_SSSS consecutive unsuccessful login
attempts, each of them is logged in _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_aaaa_dddd_mmmm_////_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn_llll_oooo_gggg,
if it exists. _LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL_UUUU_RRRR_EEEE_SSSS has a maximum value of 20.
Note: Users get at most the minimum of (_MMMM_AAAA_XXXX_TTTT_RRRR_YYYY_SSSS,
_IIII_DDDD_LLLL_EEEE_WWWW_EEEE_EEEE_KKKK_SSSS_====_----_1111 If nonnegative, specify a grace period during which
users with expired passwords are allowed to enter a new
password. In other words, accounts with expired
passwords can stay idle up to this long before being
"locked out." If _IIII_DDDD_LLLL_EEEE_WWWW_EEEE_EEEE_KKKK_SSSS is 0, there is no grace
period, and expired passwords are the same as
invalidated passwords.
_PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH_==== Path for normal users (from /usr/include/paths.h).
_SSSS_UUUU_PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH_==== Path for superuser (from /usr/include/paths.h).
_SSSS_YYYY_SSSS_LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_====_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL Log to syslog all login failures (_SSSS_YYYY_SSSS_LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_====_FFFF_AAAA_IIII_LLLL) or all
successes and failures (_SSSS_YYYY_SSSS_LLLL_OOOO_GGGG_====_AAAA_LLLL_LLLL). Log entries are
written to the LOG_AUTH facility (see _ssss_yyyy_ssss_llll_oooo_gggg(3C) and
_ssss_yyyy_ssss_llll_oooo_gggg_dddd(1M) for details). No messages are sent to
syslog if not set. Note that this is separate from the
_SSSS_VVVV_RRRR_4444______SSSS_IIII_GGGG_NNNN_AAAA_LLLL_SSSS should be set to _NNNN_OOOO. Note that using these
signals while _SSSS_VVVV_RRRR_4444______SSSS_IIII_GGGG_NNNN_AAAA_LLLL_SSSS is set to _YYYY_EEEE_SSSS causes behavior
that varies depending on the login shell. This setting
has no affect on processes that explicitly alter the
behavior of these signals using the _ssss_iiii_gggg_nnnn_aaaa_llll(2) system
call.
_SSSS_IIII_TTTT_EEEE_CCCC_HHHH_EEEE_CCCC_KKKK_==== Use an external program to authenticate users instead of
using the encrypted password field. This allows sites
to implement other means of authentication, such as card
keys, biometrics, etc. The program is invoked with user
name as the first argument, and remote hostname and
username, if applicable. The action taken depend on
exit status, as follows:
_0000 Success; user was authenticated, log in.
_1111 Failure; exit login.
_2222 Failure; try again (don't exit login).
other Use normal UNIX authentication.
If authentication fails, the program can chose to
indicate either exit code 1 or 2, as appropriate. If
the program is not owned by root, is writable by others,
or cannot be executed, normal password authentication is
performed. It is recommended that the program be given
a mode of 500.
Warning: Because this option has the potential to
defeat normal IRIX security, any program used in this
way must be designed and tested very carefully.
_LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_==== If nonzero, after this number of consecutive
unsuccessful login attempts by the same user, by all
instances of xdm and login, lock the account by invoking
_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd _----_llll _uuuu_ssss_eeee_rrrr_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee. Note that this feature allows a
denial of service attack that may require booting from
the miniroot to fix, as even the root accounts can be
locked out.
_LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_EEEE_XXXX_EEEE_MMMM_PPPP_TTTT_==== If _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT is greater than zero, the users listed as
_LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_EEEE_XXXX_EEEE_MMMM_PPPP_TTTT will _NNNN_OOOO_TTTT be subject to the _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT option.
Usernames are separated by spaces, the list must be
terminated by end-of-line, maximum list length is 240
characters. _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_EEEE_XXXX_EEEE_MMMM_PPPP_TTTT is ignored unless _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT is
enabled, and the list is not empty. Including privileged
accounts (such as _rrrr_oooo_oooo_tttt) in the _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_EEEE_XXXX_EEEE_MMMM_PPPP_TTTT list, is
not recommended, as it allows an indefinite number of
attacks on the exempt accounts. Also, if _LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_KKKK_OOOO_UUUU_TTTT_EEEE_XXXX_EEEE_MMMM_PPPP_TTTT
Both passwords are required for a successful login.
For remote logins over the network, _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn prints the contents of
_////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_iiii_ssss_ssss_uuuu_eeee before prompting for a username or password. The file
_////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_nnnn_oooo_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn disables remote logins if it exists; _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn prints the
contents of this file before disconnecting the session.
The system can be configured to automate the login process after a system
restart. When the file _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_aaaa_uuuu_tttt_oooo_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn exists and contains a valid user
name, the system logs in as the specified user without prompting for a
user name or password. The automatic login takes place only after a
system restart; once the user logs out, the normal interactive login
session is used until the next restart. This is intended to be used at
sites where the normal security mechanisms provided by _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn are not
needed or desired. If you make five incorrect login attempts, all five
are logged in _////_vvvv_aaaa_rrrr_////_aaaa_dddd_mmmm_////_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn_llll_oooo_gggg (if it exists) and the TTY line is
dropped.
If you do not complete the login successfully within a certain period of
time (by default, 20 seconds), you are likely to be silently
disconnected.
After a successful login, accounting files are updated, the _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_pppp_rrrr_oooo_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee
script is executed, the time you last logged in is printed (unless a file
_...._hhhh_uuuu_ssss_hhhh_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn is present in the user's home directory), _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_mmmm_oooo_tttt_dddd is
printed, the user ID, group ID, supplementary group list, working
directory, and command interpreter (usually _ssss_hhhh) are initialized, and the
file _...._pppp_rrrr_oooo_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee in the working directory is executed, if it exists. The
name of the command interpreter is _---- followed by the last component of
the interpreter's pathname (for example, _----_ssss_hhhh). If this field in the
password file is empty, the default command interpreter, _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_////_ssss_hhhh is
used. If this field is _****, the named directory becomes the root
directory, the starting point for path searches for pathnames beginning
with a _////. At that point _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn is re-executed at the new level which must
have its own root structure. At the very least, this root structure must
include _////_dddd_eeee_vvvv_////_zzzz_eeee_rrrr_oooo, _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_gggg_rrrr_oooo_uuuu_pppp, _////_eeee_tttt_cccc_////_pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd, _////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_rrrr_llll_dddd, _////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_cccc_...._ssss_oooo_...._1111,
_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_////_llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn, _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_cccc_rrrr_yyyy_pppp_tttt_...._ssss_oooo, and _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_gggg_eeee_nnnn_...._ssss_oooo. These
files allow _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn to execute correctly, but you also need to include
additional files, like shells or applications, that the user is allowed
to execute. Since these applications can in turn rely on additional
shared libraries, it may also be necessary to place additional shared
objects in _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_llll_iiii_bbbb. See the _ffff_tttt_pppp_dddd(1M) reference page for more
